sequelize: `$association.references$` are incompatible with `limit` and one-to-many & many-to-many includes/associations

Issue Description

What are you doing?

I’m trying to run the queries shown here adding the limit parameter on the top level.

I’ve created a small Codesandbox using the examples on the documentation and adding the limit parameter. The resulting query can be easily seen in the sandbox console.

Here is the query anyway:

User.findAll({
    where: {
      "$Instruments.id$": { [Sequelize.Op.is]: null }
    },
    include: {
      model: Tool,
      as: "Instruments"
    },
    limit: 2
  }).catch((err) => {});

What do you expect to happen?

SELECT `user`.*,
    `Instruments`.`id` AS `Instruments.id`,
    `Instruments`.`name` AS `Instruments.name`,
    `Instruments`.`size` AS `Instruments.size`,
    `Instruments`.`userId` AS `Instruments.userId`
FROM (
        SELECT `user`.`id`,
            `user`.`name`
        FROM `users` AS `user`
    ) AS `user`
    LEFT OUTER JOIN `tools` AS `Instruments` ON `user`.`id` = `Instruments`.`userId`
WHERE `Instruments`.`id` IS NULL
LIMIT 2

What is actually happening?

SELECT `user`.*,
    `Instruments`.`id` AS `Instruments.id`,
    `Instruments`.`name` AS `Instruments.name`,
    `Instruments`.`size` AS `Instruments.size`,
    `Instruments`.`userId` AS `Instruments.userId`
FROM (
        SELECT `user`.`id`,
            `user`.`name`
        FROM `users` AS `user`
        WHERE `Instruments`.`id` IS NULL
        LIMIT 2
    ) AS `user`
    LEFT OUTER JOIN `tools` AS `Instruments` ON `user`.`id` = `Instruments`.`userId`

Additional context

I believe the queries and the code explain themselves. What I’m trying to achieve is that exact query:

1. Be able to do a LEFT OUTER
2. Filter it by the missing matches (ie “id” is NULL)
3. Limit the query.

If there is any other way to manage to obtain the query that I expect feel free to suggest it !

Environment

• Sequelize version: 6.4.0
• Node.js version: 10.22.0
• Operating System: macOS / Codesandbox is running a regular linux

Issue Template Checklist

How does this problem relate to dialects?

• I think this problem happens regardless of the dialect.
• I think this problem happens only for the following dialect(s):
• I don’t know, I was using PUT-YOUR-DIALECT-HERE, with connector library version XXX and database version XXX

Would you be willing to resolve this issue by submitting a Pull Request?

• Yes, I have the time and I know how to start.
• Yes, I have the time but I don’t know how to start, I would need guidance.
• No, I don’t have the time, although I believe I could do it if I had the time…
• No, I don’t have the time and I wouldn’t even know how to start.

Regards