byte-buddy: ClassFormatError when using indy dispatch

When instrumenting org.slf4j.LoggerFactory<init> with a simple enter advice that is dispatched with invokedynamic I get the following exception:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Error invoking java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation#retransformClasses
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$RedefinitionStrategy$Dispatcher$ForJava6CapableVm.retransformClasses(AgentBuilder.java:6877) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$RedefinitionStrategy$Collector$ForRetransformation.doApply(AgentBuilder.java:7148) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$RedefinitionStrategy$Collector.apply(AgentBuilder.java:6993) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$RedefinitionStrategy.apply(AgentBuilder.java:4855) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$Default.doInstall(AgentBuilder.java:9463) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$Default.installOn(AgentBuilder.java:9384) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$Default$Delegator.installOn(AgentBuilder.java:10986) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	at co.elastic.apm.agent.bci.ElasticApmAgent.initInstrumentation(ElasticApmAgent.java:173) ~[classes/:?]
	at co.elastic.apm.agent.bci.ElasticApmAgent.initInstrumentation(ElasticApmAgent.java:152) ~[classes/:?]
	at co.elastic.apm.agent.bci.InstrumentationTest.testPatchClassFileVersionToJava7(InstrumentationTest.java:292) ~[test-classes/:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[?:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:?]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) ~[?:?]
	at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:628) ~[junit-platform-commons-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:117) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.4.2.jar:5.4.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:184) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.4.2.jar:5.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:180) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.4.2.jar:5.4.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:127) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.4.2.jar:5.4.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.4.2.jar:5.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540) ~[?:?]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540) ~[?:?]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211) [junit-platform-launcher-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191) [junit-platform-launcher-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128) [junit-platform-launcher-1.4.2.jar:1.4.2]
	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:69) [junit5-rt.jar:?]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33) [junit-rt.jar:?]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230) [junit-rt.jar:?]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58) [junit-rt.jar:?]
Caused by: java.lang.ClassFormatError
	at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
	at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses(InstrumentationImpl.java:167) ~[?:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[?:?]
	at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:?]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) ~[?:?]
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder$RedefinitionStrategy$Dispatcher$ForJava6CapableVm.retransformClasses(AgentBuilder.java:6869) ~[byte-buddy-dep-1.10.11.jar:?]
	... 60 more

Note that the target class file version of this class is 49 and I’m patching it to 51 in order to be able to insert the invokedynamic. But the patching seems to work fine as dispatching via a static method call works as expected.

Note that the constructor is private, empty, and doesn’t appear in the output of javap at all.

There’s a dump of the instrumented and original class: LoggerFactory.zip