ponyc: Compiler crash in ponyc 0.28.0 with LLVM 7+ for certain projects

Originally reported while working on #3138.

A few Pony projects I tested crash ponyc 0.28.0 on the Writing ./foo.o step when running in Docker. For example, pony-kafka or one of my personal projects. Some projects (for example, pony-stable) compile just fine.

For example, with pony-kafka I get the following logs and the error code 139:

$ docker run -v /tmp/pony-kafka:/src/main ponylang/ponyc:0.28.0 ponyc examples/simple  
Building builtin -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/builtin
Building examples/simple -> /src/main/examples/simple
Building net -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/net
Building collections -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/collections
Building ponytest -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/ponytest
Building time -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/time
Building random -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/random
Building ../../pony-kafka/customlogger -> /src/main/pony-kafka/customlogger
Building ../../pony-kafka -> /src/main/pony-kafka
Building custombuffered -> /src/main/pony-kafka/custombuffered
Building codecs -> /src/main/pony-kafka/custombuffered/codecs
Building ../../utils/bool_converter -> /src/main/pony-kafka/utils/bool_converter
Building itertools -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/itertools
Building customnet -> /src/main/pony-kafka/customnet
Building fsm -> /src/main/pony-kafka/fsm
Building options -> /usr/local/lib/pony/0.28.0/packages/options
Building compression -> /src/main/pony-kafka/compression
Generating
 Reachability
 Selector painting
 Data prototypes
 Data types
 Function prototypes
 Functions
 Descriptors
Optimising
Writing ./simple.o
Stack dump:
0.	Running pass 'Function Pass Manager' on module 'simple'.
1.	Running pass 'Greedy Register Allocator' on function '@3359'

This doesn’t happen for the 0.27.0 Docker tag, when using the distribution release of Pony outside of the container, or when using ponyc --debug. For these cases, it will compile (or just fail normally with error code 255 when trying to link the required libraries).

I have yet to test the distribution release of Pony inside the container.