mockito: mockito-inline on OpenJDK 17 fails to start due to ByteBuddy agent failure

It appears that GraalVM JDK 17 does not allow inline mocks of final classes to be made using mockito-inline or by adding the mockito inline extension file.

org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException: Could not initialize inline Byte Buddy mock maker.

It appears as if your JDK does not supply a working agent attachment mechanism.
Java               : 17
JVM vendor name    : GraalVM Community
JVM vendor version : 17+35-jvmci-21.3-b02
JVM name           : OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 17+35-jvmci-21.3-b02
JVM info           : mixed mode
OS name            : Linux
OS version         : 5.15.0-1-MANJARO

Not sure if this is the same issue as #2315 or #2122, so I have opened this to try and get some further clarification.

I have included the full code to reproduce, as well as the full exception trace itself below:

src/test/java/mockito/bug/FinalClassMockTest.java

package mockito.bug;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;

class FinalClassMockTest {
  @Test
  void try_to_mock() {
    Mockito.mock(FinalClass.class);
  }
}

mockito/bug/FinalClass.java

package mockito.bug;

public final class FinalClass {
  public void methodIWantToMock() {
    System.out.println("I don't want to invoke this");
  }
}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-bug</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Full error:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)

	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:88)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy11.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:33)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:250)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:232)
	at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:83)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1964)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1879)
	at mockito.bug.FinalClassMockTest.try_to_mock(FinalClassMockTest.java:9)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:688)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:131)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:149)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:140)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:84)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:106)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:64)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:45)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:37)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:210)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:206)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:131)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:65)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:129)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:127)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:126)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:84)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:143)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:129)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:127)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:126)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:84)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:143)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:129)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:127)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:126)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:84)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:108)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:96)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:75)
	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker implementation declared in java.lang.CompoundEnumeration@20d3d15a
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginInitializer.loadImpl(PluginInitializer.java:58)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:69)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:54)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginRegistry.<init>(PluginRegistry.java:29)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.Plugins.<clinit>(Plugins.java:20)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.<clinit>(MockUtil.java:28)
	... 72 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginInitializer.loadImpl(PluginInitializer.java:53)
	... 77 more
Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException: 
Could not initialize inline Byte Buddy mock maker.

It appears as if your JDK does not supply a working agent attachment mechanism.
Java               : 17
JVM vendor name    : GraalVM Community
JVM vendor version : 17+35-jvmci-21.3-b02
JVM name           : OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 17+35-jvmci-21.3-b02
JVM info           : mixed mode, sharing
OS name            : Linux
OS version         : 5.15.0-1-MANJARO

	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:246)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.java:25)
	... 83 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not self-attach to current VM using external process
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent.installExternal(ByteBuddyAgent.java:698)
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent.install(ByteBuddyAgent.java:629)
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent.install(ByteBuddyAgent.java:609)
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent.install(ByteBuddyAgent.java:561)
	at net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent.install(ByteBuddyAgent.java:538)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.<clinit>(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:117)
	... 84 more


Process finished with exit code 255

About this issue

  • Original URL
  • State: open
  • Created 3 years ago
  • Comments: 21 (12 by maintainers)

Most upvoted comments

Why on earth is this closed!? A long thread of people confirming a serious issue with Mockito, and then it just get closed?

+4
chris-hatton on Jul 11, 2023

The exception stacktrace mentions the following, which I think is the root cause: Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not self-attach to current VM using external process

Can you try a different VM and see if that works?

FWIW we are running our test suite on JDK 17 and it is passing: https://github.com/mockito/mockito/blob/dacb492934b0dd045fa437d183be3d93f19ebe8a/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L29

+3
TimvdLippe on Oct 22, 2021

If anybody can submit us a PR with a regression test setup that allows us to debug what is going on here, we can triage this further. For now, we have seen this error pop up as a result of local setup problems (e.g. missing permissions), unrelated to Mockito. Still, if we can have a regression test to show this with Mockito on our CI, we can work on fixing it.

+2
TimvdLippe on Jul 11, 2023

Any updates on this? Currently this is blocking us from using Mockito on JDK 17, as we need the inline mockmaker for other internals.

+2
ascopes on Oct 22, 2021
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