gatsby: [gatsby-transformer-javascript-frontmatter] Frontmatter export breaks HMR

Preliminary Checks

• This issue is not a duplicate. Before opening a new issue, please search existing issues: https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/issues
• This issue is not a question, feature request, RFC, or anything other than a bug report directly related to Gatsby. Please post those things in GitHub Discussions: https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/discussions

Description

Hot module reload (HMR) doesn’t work, using gatsby-transformer-javascript-frontmatter plugin when javascript or typescript files export frontmatter.

This issue has been around since at least Gatsby 3, and continues in Gatsby 4.

Reproduction Link

https://github.com/yallllc/repro-js-frontmatter-hmr

Steps to Reproduce

1. Install gatsby-transformer-javascript-frontmatter plugin
2. Export frontmatter from a page
3. Make a visual change – style or a jsx – and see if the page updates on save

Expected Result

Page updates

Actual Result

Page doesn’t update.

If the frontmatter export is commented out, HMR will start working again.

Environment

System:
    OS: Linux 5.4 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish)
    CPU: (12) x64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz
    Shell: 5.1.16 - /bin/bash
  Binaries:
    Node: 16.14.2 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.14.2/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.18 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.14.2/bin/yarn
    npm: 8.5.0 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v16.14.2/bin/npm
  npmPackages:
    gatsby: ^4.15.0 => 4.15.1 
    gatsby-transformer-javascript-frontmatter: ^4.15.0 => 4.15.0

Config Flags

No response