foundry: forge verify-contract is unable to verify contracts with --via-ir option

Component

Forge

Have you ensured that all of these are up to date?

  • Foundry
  • Foundryup

What version of Foundry are you on?

forge 0.2.0 (fb4a836 2022-10-18T00:07:33.891597Z)

What command(s) is the bug in?

forge verify-contract 0x82c1e732d00dc8850ed723d326fc859e21641302 src/Circlets.sol:Circlets --watch --num-of-optimizations 200

Operating System

macOS (Apple Silicon)

Describe the bug

I think this might be similar to #2996

I compile my contract with --via-ir option, I added the --verifyoption when I executed the deploy contract but it failed to verify forge script script/Counter.s.sol:CounterScript --rpc-url url --gas-price 15 --broadcast --verify --via-ir -vvvv

Start verification for (1) contracts

Submitting verification for [src/Circlets.sol:Circlets] "0x82C1e732D00DC8850Ed723D326FC859e21641302".
Submitted contract for verification:
	Response: `OK`
	GUID: `kgsiiumttlafyz75snewzmmigpvffbteye4kpmd96rbtzhrl7k`
	URL:
        https://etherscan.io/address/0x82c1e732d00dc8850ed723d326fc859e21641302
Waiting for verification result...
Contract verification failed:
Response: `NOTOK`
Details: `Fail - Unable to verify`

I also got this error during the first simulation, which I don’t know if it’s related or not:

2022-10-18T00:52:49.201545Z ERROR foundry_cli::cmd::forge::script::transaction: Failed to extract constructor args from CREATE data constructor="constructor()" contract=Some("Circlets") bytecode="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This is the deployed contract: https://etherscan.io/address/0x82c1e732d00dc8850ed723d326fc859e21641302

The same error happens when I run forge verify-contract 0x82c1e732d00dc8850ed723d326fc859e21641302 src/Circlets.sol:Circlets --watch --num-of-optimizations 200

Submitted contract for verification:
	Response: `OK`
	GUID: `b3vd1jhhu1txlvshfmpmaf9kgvemryn7ufg58urwdi5irgvfre`
	URL:
        https://etherscan.io/address/0x82c1e732d00dc8850ed723d326fc859e21641302
Waiting for verification result...
Contract verification failed:
Response: `NOTOK`
Details: `Fail - Unable to verify`

I’ve tried to verify it manually in Etherscan with the flatten option, but I get CompilerError: Stack too deep. Try compiling with –via-ir(cli) or the equivalentviaIR: true (standard JSON) while enabling the optimizer. Otherwise, try removing local variables. When compiling inline assembly: Variable length is 2 slot(s) too deep inside the stack. which I can’t see any option to add it there?

Let me know if I can help to debug this, this is the whole flattened contract in case it helps https://gist.github.com/apeblond/014e76bde633791270809daacb68df34

About this issue

  • Original URL
  • State: open
  • Created 2 years ago
  • Comments: 40 (11 by maintainers)

Commits related to this issue

Most upvoted comments

@0xV4L3NT1N3 success!

So, steps are:

  1. forge verify-contract ADDRESS CONTRACT ETHERSCANKEY --optimizer-runs=100 --constructor-args "<ABI encoded ctor args>" --show-standard-json-input > etherscan.json
  2. patch manually etherscan.json : "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100} -> "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100},"viaIR":true (or something of that sort)
  3. upload json to etherscan manually
+25
unordered-set on Mar 13, 2023

hey @apeblond, thanks for reporting. this is an issue our users have been experiencing for a while now, we’re chatting with etherscan to see how we can resolve the resulting bytecode mismatch

+5
rkrasiuk on Oct 18, 2022

@0xV4L3NT1N3 success!

So, steps are:

  1. forge verify-contract ADDRESS CONTRACT ETHERSCANKEY --optimizer-runs=100 --constructor-args "<ABI encoded ctor args>" --show-standard-json-input > etherscan.json
  2. patch manually etherscan.json : "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100} -> "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100},"viaIR":true (or something of that sort)
  3. upload json to etherscan manually

Confirm this works, just verified it on polygon zkevm.

+3
swan-of-bodom on Aug 16, 2023

So, steps are:

  1. forge verify-contract ADDRESS CONTRACT ETHERSCANKEY --optimizer-runs=100 --constructor-args "<ABI encoded ctor args>" --show-standard-json-input > etherscan.json

  2. patch manually etherscan.json : "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100} -> "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100},"viaIR":true (or something of that sort)

  3. upload json to etherscan manually

This worked for me too!

+3
spengrah on Aug 6, 2023

No worries, @Evalir - that’s understandable. FWIW, I have tried to install an older version of Foundry with foundryup, but that didn’t work. As in, running forge --version was still returning the present-day version.

Anyway …

More Context

After a long and painful debugging session, we have managed to obtain more clarity on this issue. It appears that there are two bugs:

  1. A bug in Solidity v0.8.13-v0.8.21 causes the viaIR-generated bytecode to differ depending on how the dependencies are imported. For more details, see my report on Twitter.
  2. A bug in the way Foundry generates the standard JSON input leads to a compilation error.

Below, I will focus on the 2nd bug, because it applies even after upgrading to Solidity v0.8.23.

Repro

  1. Clone https://github.com/sablier-labs/v2-core
  2. Checkout branch bug/foundry-sji-repro
  3. Run pnpm install (you need to have pnpm installed)
  4. Fill .env by following the .env.example
  5. Run the verification command below
  6. You should get the following error:
Response: `NOTOK`
Details: `Fail - Unable to verify. Solidity Compilation Error: Source "node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC165.sol" not found: File not found. Searched the following locations: "".`
Contract failed to verify.

Verification Command

FOUNDRY_PROFILE=optimized \
forge verify-contract 0x4259557F6665eCF5907c9019a30f3Cb009c20Ae7 \
./src/SablierV2LockupLinear.sol:SablierV2LockupLinear \
--chain goerli \
--etherscan-api-key $API_KEY_ETHERSCAN \
--watch \
--constructor-args \
$( cast abi-encode "constructor(address,address,address)" 0xBAbE000000000000000000000000000000000000 0xbeeF000000000000000000000000000000000000 0xCAFE000000000000000000000000000000000000 )

Deployment Command (Optional)

Here’s a deployment command in case you want to tinker with a new contract (this is what I used):

FOUNDRY_PROFILE=optimized \
forge script script/DeployLockupLinear.s.sol \
--broadcast \
--rpc-url goerli \
--sig "run(address,address,address)" \
0xBAbE000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
0xbeeF000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
0xCAFE000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
-vvvv

Even More Context

Installing the Node.js dependencies with Yarn instead of PNPM makes the verification command work, which leads me to suspect that PNPM’s symbolic links are the culprit. They may be throwing a wrench in the standard JSON input file generated by Foundry.

There are two categories of potential solutions:

  1. Handle symlinks in verify-contract
  2. Throw an error when symlinks are detected in the user’s dependencies (well, not quite a solution, more like a hot fix - but it would save people’s time)

Questions

  1. Could this bug be related to https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/5307? Or https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/2714?
  2. For those of you who have encountered similar errors this week, can you mention whether you were also using PNPM and a Solidity version between 0.8.13 and 0.8.21?
+2
PaulRBerg on Dec 21, 2023

Context

Just bumped into this issue, too. It looks like a recent change has introduced a bug in the verify-contract command, @mattsse, @Evalir.

Reproduction

Let’s attempt to verify this contract on Ethereum Mainnet:

https://etherscan.io/address/0xe99AEff5BB41d0d7340e7B0c8001F593768ba0E5

Using this standard JSON input file:

https://gist.github.com/PaulRBerg/5b130690330ffa6cf28fc5fa238e56ce

I generated that file by running this command:

$ FOUNDRY_PROFILE=optimized \
forge verify-contract 0xe99AEff5BB41d0d7340e7B0c8001F593768ba0E5 \
./src/SablierV2LockupLinear.sol:SablierV2LockupLinear \
--chain mainnet \
--etherscan-api-key $API_KEY_ETHERSCAN \
--watch \
--constructor-args \
0x00000000000000000000000079fb3e81aac012c08501f41296ccc145a1e15844000000000000000000000000c3be6bffaeab7b297c03383b4254aa3af2b9a5ba00000000000000000000000023ed5da55af4286c0de55facb414dee2e317f4cb

In this GitHub repo (tag v1.1.1).

Error

The verification will fail with this error:

Fail - Unable to verify. Compiled contract deployment bytecode does NOT match the transaction deployment bytecode.

Uploading the file manually on Etherscan yields the same error. I have prepared a diff between the actual contract (what the bytecode is according to the local compilation output) and the contract bytecode expected by Etherscan:

As you can see, there are a lot of differences.

Possible Explanation

It looks like Foundry generates the standard JSON input file incorrectly, or at least not in the way that Etherscan expects. As @seanconnollydev pointed out above, Etherscan wants “literal contents not URLs”. But in the file generated by Foundry, the useLiteralContent setting is set to false.

Cc @harithk in case he is able to confirm my understanding here.

SCR-20231218-pota

Environment

  • solidity v0.8.21
    • EVM version: “paris”
    • viaIR: enabled
    • optimized: enabled
    • optimizer runs: 1,000
  • forge 0.2.0 (477b345 2023-12-18T00:29:33.818665000Z)
+2
PaulRBerg on Dec 18, 2023

@0xV4L3NT1N3 success! So, steps are:

  1. forge verify-contract ADDRESS CONTRACT ETHERSCANKEY --optimizer-runs=100 --constructor-args "<ABI encoded ctor args>" --show-standard-json-input > etherscan.json
  2. patch manually etherscan.json : "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100} -> "optimizer":{"enabled":true,"runs":100},"viaIR":true (or something of that sort)
  3. upload json to etherscan manually

Awesomeeeeee

Confirmed it works. But Etherscan has a more restrictive limitation on runs. I think the compiler supports up to 2**32 - 1 = 4294967295. However Etherscan may not be happy with numbers greater than 2**22. The exact upper bound is unknown. When it fails, it says things like “unable to parse json” which makes you think it’s a json format issue.

+2
shuhuiluo on Jul 10, 2023

I.e. it is not possible to pass the --verify flag to the forge script command during deployment?

+2
codemedici on Mar 17, 2023

same problem, but I am using truffle, so this is probably something etherscan needs to fix

+2
ioannist on Feb 16, 2023

chiming in here that I am running into a similar issue verifying a contract on arbiscan using 0.8.24 solidity and via_ir true

+1
z0r0z on Feb 23, 2024

facing issue with arbiscan and trying to verify 0.8.24 contracts: says invalid or unsupported solc version, although it is on the list and can be verified manually through arbiscan but not by using command seen below:

Screenshot_2024-01-30_at_9 33 18_PM

+1
vm06007 on Jan 30, 2024

Upgrading to 0.8.21 fixed this for me.

Still a bug, but happy to report the workaround works now: https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/3507#issuecomment-1465382107

Before, broken: 0.8.19 After, fixed: 0.8.21

Is it possible that one of the tools is using the latest-installed solc instead of the pragma and foundry.toml-specified solc?

+1
dcposch on Sep 10, 2023

We tried submitting with the truffle verify plugin which I believe submits the json files, and got this:

Verifying contracts on moonscan
   Fail - Unable to verify
   Failed to verify 1 contract(s): Oracle
Verifying contracts on sourcify
   Verifying Oracle
   Pass - Verified: https://sourcify.dev/#/lookup/0xC3a6F635a4696Cbf8436f9e917F16D4e4D9673Fe
   Successfully verified 1 contract(s).

Moonscan isEtherscan for moonbeam/moonriver EVMs, so the same thing basically

Also, using json files in Moonscan does not work cause the binaries don’t match, which I believe is the same error as above.

Here is the relevant bit of the metadata of the Oracle json file: "optimizer\":{\"enabled\":true,\"runs\":438000},\"remappings\":[],\"viaIR\":true}

+1
ioannist on Feb 17, 2023

gm all, chiming in here from Etherscan, could anyone try manually submitting a standard-json verification from the web interface with the viaIR setting specified ?

This will help debug if its something related to the endpoint, though can confirm we’ve added support for viaIR

+1
0xV4L3NT1N3 on Feb 17, 2023

Experiencing this as well but surprisingly not for every project where I’ve had to set via_ir = true.

I also have not found a way to perform the verification manually. I’ve tried uploading a standard-json-input at Etherscan’s behest but I can’t figure out how to get foundry to build the output in a way that Etherscan is pleased with.

I’ve tried forge build --extra-output-files metadata and then uploading the file under /out/MyContract.sol/MyContract.metadata.json but Etherscan doesn’t permit URLs in the source fields:

Unable to process the standard-input-json you uploaded. ErrCode: Only literal contents of the source file, Source using URLS are not supported

Etherscan lists these recommendations:

  1. Contract sources in the json file must be formatted as Literal contents and NOT as urls
  2. Use multiple literal {“content”: “”, …} for multi part contracts containing multiple source files
  3. A serializing raw text tool for converting objects to JSON string is also available.

I assume 1 or 2 are relevant here but I don’t really know how to act on that.

Is there a way to update foundry.toml or pass an argument to forge build that formats sources in the json file as “literal contents”?

+1
seanconnollydev on Jan 11, 2023

Same issue here. When I deploy the contract I can’t verify it manually with the flatten command either - shows different bytecode.

+1
degatchi on Oct 28, 2022
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