shield: Bug: [CI4.5.0] Cannot declare class Shield\Config\Auth

@jlopes90 Thank you for your report. This bug was resolved in version CI4.5.1. Please use the latest version of the CI framework.

@kenjis thanks!

Try this: https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/pull/8745

Without ThirdParty/Shield, just inside the app sometimes it makes me confused searching or lost.

Workaround: app/Config/Autoload.php:

    public $psr4 = [
        'Shield'      => APPPATH . 'ThirdParty/Shield',
        APP_NAMESPACE => APPPATH,
    ];

Thanks! I got PHP Fatal error: Cannot declare class Shield\Config\Auth, because the name is already in use.

but I cannot reproduce the error.

Make sure you delete file App\Config\Auth.php.

@jlopes90 Why don’t you use Composer to install Shield? We don’t support other installations. https://shield.codeigniter.com/getting_started/install/#composer-installation

I’m using composer and shield (dev-develop) was already installed.

It’s not about taking everything and passing it to ThirdParty/Shield. What I’m doing is separating and not mixing within app, for example:

Manual Setup Config Setup: Copy the Auth.php, AuthGroups.php, and AuthToken.php from vendor/codeigniter4/shield/src/Config/ into your project’s config folder and update the namespace to Config. You will also need to have these classes extend the original classes. See the example below. These files contain all the settings, group, and permission information for your application and will need to be modified to meet the needs of your site.

// new file - app/Config/Auth.php

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Config;

// ...
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Config\Auth as ShieldAuth;

class Auth extends ShieldAuth
{
    // ...
}

So what I did was take Auth.php, AuthGroup.php and others and move it to ThirdParty/Shield, it’s easier to configure inside a shield folder.

I don’t know why you have app\ThirdParty\Shield\Config\Auth.php when you install Shield with Composer

I don’t know why people don’t want to use app. But what is clear is that many people do not use app. Except for this report, we have seen cases before, I saw another example in shield_oauth Repo .

In any case, the behavior of config('Auth') is different in both versions 4.4.8 and 4.5.0.

@kenjis, Install Codeigniter and Shield with Composer.

CI 4.4.8:

    public $psr4 = [
        APP_NAMESPACE => APPPATH, // For custom app namespace
       'Config'      => APPPATH . 'Config',
        'Shield'      => APPPATH . 'ThirdParty\Shield',
    ];

app\ThirdParty\Shield\Config\Auth.php:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * This file is part of CodeIgniter Shield.
 *
 * (c) CodeIgniter Foundation <admin@codeigniter.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view
 * the LICENSE file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace Shield\Config;

use CodeIgniter\Shield\Config\Auth as ShieldAuth;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\ActionInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\AuthenticatorInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\AccessTokens;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\HmacSha256;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\JWT;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\Session;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\CompositionValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\DictionaryValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\NothingPersonalValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\PwnedValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\ValidatorInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Models\UserModel;

class Auth extends ShieldAuth
{
    /**
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     * AUTHENTICATION
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     */

    // Constants for Record Login Attempts. Do not change.
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_NONE    = 0; // Do not record at all
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_FAILURE = 1; // Record only failures
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_ALL     = 2; // Record all login attempts

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * View files
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    public array $views = [
        'login'                       => '\testlogin',
        'register'                    => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\register',
        'layout'                      => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\layout',
        'action_email_2fa'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_2fa_show',
        'action_email_2fa_verify'     => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_2fa_verify',
        'action_email_2fa_email'      => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\email_2fa_email',
        'action_email_activate_show'  => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_activate_show',
        'action_email_activate_email' => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\email_activate_email',
        'magic-link-login'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\magic_link_form',
        'magic-link-message'          => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\magic_link_message',
        'magic-link-email'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\magic_link_email',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Redirect URLs
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The default URL that a user will be redirected to after various auth
     * actions. This can be either of the following:
     *
     * 1. An absolute URL. E.g. http://example.com OR https://example.com
     * 2. A named route that can be accessed using `route_to()` or `url_to()`
     * 3. A URI path within the application. e.g 'admin', 'login', 'expath'
     *
     * If you need more flexibility you can override the `getUrl()` method
     * to apply any logic you may need.
     */
    public array $redirects = [
        'register'          => '/',
        'login'             => '/',
        'logout'            => 'login',
        'force_reset'       => '/',
        'permission_denied' => '/',
        'group_denied'      => '/',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authentication Actions
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Specifies the class that represents an action to take after
     * the user logs in or registers a new account at the site.
     *
     * You must register actions in the order of the actions to be performed.
     *
     * Available actions with Shield:
     * - register: \CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\EmailActivator::class
     * - login:    \CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\Email2FA::class
     *
     * @var array<string, class-string<ActionInterface>|null>
     */
    public array $actions = [
        'register' => null,
        'login'    => null,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authenticators
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The available authentication systems, listed
     * with alias and class name. These can be referenced
     * by alias in the auth helper:
     *      auth('tokens')->attempt($credentials);
     *
     * @var array<string, class-string<AuthenticatorInterface>>
     */
    public array $authenticators = [
        'tokens'  => AccessTokens::class,
        'session' => Session::class,
        'hmac'    => HmacSha256::class,
        // 'jwt'     => JWT::class,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Default Authenticator
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The Authenticator to use when none is specified.
     * Uses the $key from the $authenticators array above.
     */
    public string $defaultAuthenticator = 'session';

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authentication Chain
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The Authenticators to test logged in status against
     * when using the 'chain' filter. Each Authenticator listed will be checked.
     * If no match is found, then the next in the chain will be checked.
     *
     * @var list<string>
     */
    public array $authenticationChain = [
        'session',
        'tokens',
        'hmac',
        // 'jwt',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Allow Registration
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Determines whether users can register for the site.
     */
    public bool $allowRegistration = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Record Last Active Date
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * If true, will always update the `last_active` datetime for the
     * logged-in user on every page request.
     * This feature only works when session/tokens filter is active.
     *
     * @see https://codeigniter4.github.io/shield/quick_start_guide/using_session_auth/#protecting-pages for set filters.
     */
    public bool $recordActiveDate = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Allow Magic Link Logins
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * If true, will allow the use of "magic links" sent via the email
     * as a way to log a user in without the need for a password.
     * By default, this is used in place of a password reset flow, but
     * could be modified as the only method of login once an account
     * has been set up.
     */
    public bool $allowMagicLinkLogins = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Magic Link Lifetime
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Specifies the amount of time, in seconds, that a magic link is valid.
     * You can use Time Constants or any desired number.
     */
    public int $magicLinkLifetime = HOUR;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Session Authenticator Configuration
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * These settings only apply if you are using the Session Authenticator
     * for authentication.
     *
     * - field                  The name of the key the current user info is stored in session
     * - allowRemembering       Does the system allow use of "remember-me"
     * - rememberCookieName     The name of the cookie to use for "remember-me"
     * - rememberLength         The length of time, in seconds, to remember a user.
     *
     * @var array<string, bool|int|string>
     */
    public array $sessionConfig = [
        'field'              => 'user',
        'allowRemembering'   => true,
        'rememberCookieName' => 'remember',
        'rememberLength'     => 30 * DAY,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The validation rules for username
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * Do not use string rules like `required|valid_email`.
     *
     * @var array<string, array<int, string>|string>
     */
    public array $usernameValidationRules = [
        'label' => 'Auth.username',
        'rules' => [
            'required',
            'max_length[30]',
            'min_length[3]',
            'regex_match[/\A[a-zA-Z0-9\.]+\z/]',
        ],
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The validation rules for email
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * Do not use string rules like `required|valid_email`.
     *
     * @var array<string, array<int, string>|string>
     */
    public array $emailValidationRules = [
        'label' => 'Auth.email',
        'rules' => [
            'required',
            'max_length[254]',
            'valid_email',
        ],
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Minimum Password Length
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The minimum length that a password must be to be accepted.
     * Recommended minimum value by NIST = 8 characters.
     */
    public int $minimumPasswordLength = 8;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Password Check Helpers
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The PasswordValidator class runs the password through all of these
     * classes, each getting the opportunity to pass/fail the password.
     * You can add custom classes as long as they adhere to the
     * CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\ValidatorInterface.
     *
     * @var list<class-string<ValidatorInterface>>
     */
    public array $passwordValidators = [
        CompositionValidator::class,
        NothingPersonalValidator::class,
        DictionaryValidator::class,
        // PwnedValidator::class,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Valid login fields
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Fields that are available to be used as credentials for login.
     */
    public array $validFields = [
        'email',
        // 'username',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Additional Fields for "Nothing Personal"
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The NothingPersonalValidator prevents personal information from
     * being used in passwords. The email and username fields are always
     * considered by the validator. Do not enter those field names here.
     *
     * An extended User Entity might include other personal info such as
     * first and/or last names. $personalFields is where you can add
     * fields to be considered as "personal" by the NothingPersonalValidator.
     * For example:
     *     $personalFields = ['firstname', 'lastname'];
     */
    public array $personalFields = [];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Password / Username Similarity
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Among other things, the NothingPersonalValidator checks the
     * amount of sameness between the password and username.
     * Passwords that are too much like the username are invalid.
     *
     * The value set for $maxSimilarity represents the maximum percentage
     * of similarity at which the password will be accepted. In other words, any
     * calculated similarity equal to, or greater than $maxSimilarity
     * is rejected.
     *
     * The accepted range is 0-100, with 0 (zero) meaning don't check similarity.
     * Using values at either extreme of the *working range* (1-100) is
     * not advised. The low end is too restrictive and the high end is too permissive.
     * The suggested value for $maxSimilarity is 50.
     *
     * You may be thinking that a value of 100 should have the effect of accepting
     * everything like a value of 0 does. That's logical and probably true,
     * but is unproven and untested. Besides, 0 skips the work involved
     * making the calculation unlike when using 100.
     *
     * The (admittedly limited) testing that's been done suggests a useful working range
     * of 50 to 60. You can set it lower than 50, but site users will probably start
     * to complain about the large number of proposed passwords getting rejected.
     * At around 60 or more it starts to see pairs like 'captain joe' and 'joe*captain' as
     * perfectly acceptable which clearly they are not.
     *
     * To disable similarity checking set the value to 0.
     *     public $maxSimilarity = 0;
     */
    public int $maxSimilarity = 50;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Hashing Algorithm to use
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Valid values are
     * - PASSWORD_DEFAULT (default)
     * - PASSWORD_BCRYPT
     * - PASSWORD_ARGON2I  - As of PHP 7.2 only if compiled with support for it
     * - PASSWORD_ARGON2ID - As of PHP 7.3 only if compiled with support for it
     */
    public string $hashAlgorithm = PASSWORD_DEFAULT;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * ARGON2I/ARGON2ID Algorithm options
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The ARGON2I method of hashing allows you to define the "memory_cost",
     * the "time_cost" and the number of "threads", whenever a password hash is
     * created.
     */
    public int $hashMemoryCost = 65536; // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_MEMORY_COST;

    public int $hashTimeCost = 4;   // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_TIME_COST;
    public int $hashThreads  = 1;   // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_THREADS;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * BCRYPT Algorithm options
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The BCRYPT method of hashing allows you to define the "cost"
     * or number of iterations made, whenever a password hash is created.
     * This defaults to a value of 12 which is an acceptable number.
     * However, depending on the security needs of your application
     * and the power of your hardware, you might want to increase the
     * cost. This makes the hashing process takes longer.
     *
     * Valid range is between 4 - 31.
     */
    public int $hashCost = 12;

    /**
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     * OTHER SETTINGS
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     */

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Customize the DB group used for each model
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    public ?string $DBGroup = null;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Customize Name of Shield Tables
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Only change if you want to rename the default Shield table names
     *
     * It may be necessary to change the names of the tables for
     * security reasons, to prevent the conflict of table names,
     * the internal policy of the companies or any other reason.
     *
     * - users                  Auth Users Table, the users info is stored.
     * - auth_identities        Auth Identities Table, Used for storage of passwords, access tokens, social login identities, etc.
     * - auth_logins            Auth Login Attempts, Table records login attempts.
     * - auth_token_logins      Auth Token Login Attempts Table, Records Bearer Token type login attempts.
     * - auth_remember_tokens   Auth Remember Tokens (remember-me) Table.
     * - auth_groups_users      Groups Users Table.
     * - auth_permissions_users Users Permissions Table.
     *
     * @var array<string, string>
     */
    public array $tables = [
        'users'             => 'users',
        'identities'        => 'auth_identities',
        'logins'            => 'auth_logins',
        'token_logins'      => 'auth_token_logins',
        'remember_tokens'   => 'auth_remember_tokens',
        'groups_users'      => 'auth_groups_users',
        'permissions_users' => 'auth_permissions_users',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * User Provider
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The name of the class that handles user persistence.
     * By default, this is the included UserModel, which
     * works with any of the database engines supported by CodeIgniter.
     * You can change it as long as they adhere to the
     * CodeIgniter\Shield\Models\UserModel.
     *
     * @var class-string<UserModel>
     */
    public string $userProvider = UserModel::class;

    /**
     * Returns the URL that a user should be redirected
     * to after a successful login.
     */
    public function loginRedirect(): string
    {
        $session = session();
        $url     = $session->getTempdata('beforeLoginUrl') ?? setting('Auth.redirects')['login'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL that a user should be redirected
     * to after they are logged out.
     */
    public function logoutRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['logout'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * after a successful registration.
     */
    public function registerRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['register'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if force_reset identity is set to true.
     */
    public function forcePasswordResetRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['force_reset'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if permission denied.
     */
    public function permissionDeniedRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['permission_denied'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if group denied.
     */
    public function groupDeniedRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['group_denied'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Accepts a string which can be an absolute URL or
     * a named route or just a URI path, and returns the
     * full path.
     *
     * @param string $url an absolute URL or a named route or just URI path
     */
    protected function getUrl(string $url): string
    {
        // To accommodate all url patterns
        $final_url = '';

        switch (true) {
            case strpos($url, 'http://') === 0 || strpos($url, 'https://') === 0: // URL begins with 'http' or 'https'. E.g. http://example.com
                $final_url = $url;
                break;

            case route_to($url) !== false: // URL is a named-route
                $final_url = rtrim(url_to($url), '/ ');
                break;

            default: // URL is a route (URI path)
                $final_url = rtrim(site_url($url), '/ ');
                break;
        }

        return $final_url;
    }
}

See http://localhost:8080/login Everything is fine. Pay attention, this is the namespace Shield\Config;.

CI 4.5.0: Install Codeigniter 4.5.0 and Shield with Composer.

    public $psr4 = [
        APP_NAMESPACE => APPPATH,
        'Shield'      => APPPATH . 'ThirdParty\Shield',
    ];

app\ThirdParty\Shield\Config\Auth.php:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * This file is part of CodeIgniter Shield.
 *
 * (c) CodeIgniter Foundation <admin@codeigniter.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view
 * the LICENSE file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace Shield\Config;

use CodeIgniter\Shield\Config\Auth as ShieldAuth;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\ActionInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\AuthenticatorInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\AccessTokens;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\HmacSha256;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\JWT;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Authenticators\Session;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\CompositionValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\DictionaryValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\NothingPersonalValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\PwnedValidator;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\ValidatorInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Shield\Models\UserModel;

class Auth extends ShieldAuth
{
    /**
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     * AUTHENTICATION
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     */

    // Constants for Record Login Attempts. Do not change.
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_NONE    = 0; // Do not record at all
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_FAILURE = 1; // Record only failures
    public const RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_ALL     = 2; // Record all login attempts

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * View files
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    public array $views = [
        'login'                       => '\iilogin',
        'register'                    => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\register',
        'layout'                      => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\layout',
        'action_email_2fa'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_2fa_show',
        'action_email_2fa_verify'     => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_2fa_verify',
        'action_email_2fa_email'      => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\email_2fa_email',
        'action_email_activate_show'  => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\email_activate_show',
        'action_email_activate_email' => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\email_activate_email',
        'magic-link-login'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\magic_link_form',
        'magic-link-message'          => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\magic_link_message',
        'magic-link-email'            => '\CodeIgniter\Shield\Views\Email\magic_link_email',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Redirect URLs
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The default URL that a user will be redirected to after various auth
     * actions. This can be either of the following:
     *
     * 1. An absolute URL. E.g. http://example.com OR https://example.com
     * 2. A named route that can be accessed using `route_to()` or `url_to()`
     * 3. A URI path within the application. e.g 'admin', 'login', 'expath'
     *
     * If you need more flexibility you can override the `getUrl()` method
     * to apply any logic you may need.
     */
    public array $redirects = [
        'register'          => '/',
        'login'             => '/',
        'logout'            => 'login',
        'force_reset'       => '/',
        'permission_denied' => '/',
        'group_denied'      => '/',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authentication Actions
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Specifies the class that represents an action to take after
     * the user logs in or registers a new account at the site.
     *
     * You must register actions in the order of the actions to be performed.
     *
     * Available actions with Shield:
     * - register: \CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\EmailActivator::class
     * - login:    \CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Actions\Email2FA::class
     *
     * @var array<string, class-string<ActionInterface>|null>
     */
    public array $actions = [
        'register' => null,
        'login'    => null,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authenticators
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The available authentication systems, listed
     * with alias and class name. These can be referenced
     * by alias in the auth helper:
     *      auth('tokens')->attempt($credentials);
     *
     * @var array<string, class-string<AuthenticatorInterface>>
     */
    public array $authenticators = [
        'tokens'  => AccessTokens::class,
        'session' => Session::class,
        'hmac'    => HmacSha256::class,
        // 'jwt'     => JWT::class,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Default Authenticator
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The Authenticator to use when none is specified.
     * Uses the $key from the $authenticators array above.
     */
    public string $defaultAuthenticator = 'session';

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Authentication Chain
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The Authenticators to test logged in status against
     * when using the 'chain' filter. Each Authenticator listed will be checked.
     * If no match is found, then the next in the chain will be checked.
     *
     * @var list<string>
     */
    public array $authenticationChain = [
        'session',
        'tokens',
        'hmac',
        // 'jwt',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Allow Registration
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Determines whether users can register for the site.
     */
    public bool $allowRegistration = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Record Last Active Date
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * If true, will always update the `last_active` datetime for the
     * logged-in user on every page request.
     * This feature only works when session/tokens filter is active.
     *
     * @see https://codeigniter4.github.io/shield/quick_start_guide/using_session_auth/#protecting-pages for set filters.
     */
    public bool $recordActiveDate = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Allow Magic Link Logins
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * If true, will allow the use of "magic links" sent via the email
     * as a way to log a user in without the need for a password.
     * By default, this is used in place of a password reset flow, but
     * could be modified as the only method of login once an account
     * has been set up.
     */
    public bool $allowMagicLinkLogins = true;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Magic Link Lifetime
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Specifies the amount of time, in seconds, that a magic link is valid.
     * You can use Time Constants or any desired number.
     */
    public int $magicLinkLifetime = HOUR;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Session Authenticator Configuration
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * These settings only apply if you are using the Session Authenticator
     * for authentication.
     *
     * - field                  The name of the key the current user info is stored in session
     * - allowRemembering       Does the system allow use of "remember-me"
     * - rememberCookieName     The name of the cookie to use for "remember-me"
     * - rememberLength         The length of time, in seconds, to remember a user.
     *
     * @var array<string, bool|int|string>
     */
    public array $sessionConfig = [
        'field'              => 'user',
        'allowRemembering'   => true,
        'rememberCookieName' => 'remember',
        'rememberLength'     => 30 * DAY,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The validation rules for username
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * Do not use string rules like `required|valid_email`.
     *
     * @var array<string, array<int, string>|string>
     */
    public array $usernameValidationRules = [
        'label' => 'Auth.username',
        'rules' => [
            'required',
            'max_length[30]',
            'min_length[3]',
            'regex_match[/\A[a-zA-Z0-9\.]+\z/]',
        ],
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The validation rules for email
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * Do not use string rules like `required|valid_email`.
     *
     * @var array<string, array<int, string>|string>
     */
    public array $emailValidationRules = [
        'label' => 'Auth.email',
        'rules' => [
            'required',
            'max_length[254]',
            'valid_email',
        ],
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Minimum Password Length
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The minimum length that a password must be to be accepted.
     * Recommended minimum value by NIST = 8 characters.
     */
    public int $minimumPasswordLength = 8;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Password Check Helpers
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The PasswordValidator class runs the password through all of these
     * classes, each getting the opportunity to pass/fail the password.
     * You can add custom classes as long as they adhere to the
     * CodeIgniter\Shield\Authentication\Passwords\ValidatorInterface.
     *
     * @var list<class-string<ValidatorInterface>>
     */
    public array $passwordValidators = [
        CompositionValidator::class,
        NothingPersonalValidator::class,
        DictionaryValidator::class,
        // PwnedValidator::class,
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Valid login fields
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Fields that are available to be used as credentials for login.
     */
    public array $validFields = [
        'email',
        // 'username',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Additional Fields for "Nothing Personal"
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The NothingPersonalValidator prevents personal information from
     * being used in passwords. The email and username fields are always
     * considered by the validator. Do not enter those field names here.
     *
     * An extended User Entity might include other personal info such as
     * first and/or last names. $personalFields is where you can add
     * fields to be considered as "personal" by the NothingPersonalValidator.
     * For example:
     *     $personalFields = ['firstname', 'lastname'];
     */
    public array $personalFields = [];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Password / Username Similarity
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Among other things, the NothingPersonalValidator checks the
     * amount of sameness between the password and username.
     * Passwords that are too much like the username are invalid.
     *
     * The value set for $maxSimilarity represents the maximum percentage
     * of similarity at which the password will be accepted. In other words, any
     * calculated similarity equal to, or greater than $maxSimilarity
     * is rejected.
     *
     * The accepted range is 0-100, with 0 (zero) meaning don't check similarity.
     * Using values at either extreme of the *working range* (1-100) is
     * not advised. The low end is too restrictive and the high end is too permissive.
     * The suggested value for $maxSimilarity is 50.
     *
     * You may be thinking that a value of 100 should have the effect of accepting
     * everything like a value of 0 does. That's logical and probably true,
     * but is unproven and untested. Besides, 0 skips the work involved
     * making the calculation unlike when using 100.
     *
     * The (admittedly limited) testing that's been done suggests a useful working range
     * of 50 to 60. You can set it lower than 50, but site users will probably start
     * to complain about the large number of proposed passwords getting rejected.
     * At around 60 or more it starts to see pairs like 'captain joe' and 'joe*captain' as
     * perfectly acceptable which clearly they are not.
     *
     * To disable similarity checking set the value to 0.
     *     public $maxSimilarity = 0;
     */
    public int $maxSimilarity = 50;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Hashing Algorithm to use
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Valid values are
     * - PASSWORD_DEFAULT (default)
     * - PASSWORD_BCRYPT
     * - PASSWORD_ARGON2I  - As of PHP 7.2 only if compiled with support for it
     * - PASSWORD_ARGON2ID - As of PHP 7.3 only if compiled with support for it
     */
    public string $hashAlgorithm = PASSWORD_DEFAULT;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * ARGON2I/ARGON2ID Algorithm options
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The ARGON2I method of hashing allows you to define the "memory_cost",
     * the "time_cost" and the number of "threads", whenever a password hash is
     * created.
     */
    public int $hashMemoryCost = 65536; // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_MEMORY_COST;

    public int $hashTimeCost = 4;   // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_TIME_COST;
    public int $hashThreads  = 1;   // PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_THREADS;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * BCRYPT Algorithm options
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The BCRYPT method of hashing allows you to define the "cost"
     * or number of iterations made, whenever a password hash is created.
     * This defaults to a value of 12 which is an acceptable number.
     * However, depending on the security needs of your application
     * and the power of your hardware, you might want to increase the
     * cost. This makes the hashing process takes longer.
     *
     * Valid range is between 4 - 31.
     */
    public int $hashCost = 12;

    /**
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     * OTHER SETTINGS
     * ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     */

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Customize the DB group used for each model
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    public ?string $DBGroup = null;

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Customize Name of Shield Tables
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Only change if you want to rename the default Shield table names
     *
     * It may be necessary to change the names of the tables for
     * security reasons, to prevent the conflict of table names,
     * the internal policy of the companies or any other reason.
     *
     * - users                  Auth Users Table, the users info is stored.
     * - auth_identities        Auth Identities Table, Used for storage of passwords, access tokens, social login identities, etc.
     * - auth_logins            Auth Login Attempts, Table records login attempts.
     * - auth_token_logins      Auth Token Login Attempts Table, Records Bearer Token type login attempts.
     * - auth_remember_tokens   Auth Remember Tokens (remember-me) Table.
     * - auth_groups_users      Groups Users Table.
     * - auth_permissions_users Users Permissions Table.
     *
     * @var array<string, string>
     */
    public array $tables = [
        'users'             => 'users',
        'identities'        => 'auth_identities',
        'logins'            => 'auth_logins',
        'token_logins'      => 'auth_token_logins',
        'remember_tokens'   => 'auth_remember_tokens',
        'groups_users'      => 'auth_groups_users',
        'permissions_users' => 'auth_permissions_users',
    ];

    /**
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * User Provider
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------
     * The name of the class that handles user persistence.
     * By default, this is the included UserModel, which
     * works with any of the database engines supported by CodeIgniter.
     * You can change it as long as they adhere to the
     * CodeIgniter\Shield\Models\UserModel.
     *
     * @var class-string<UserModel>
     */
    public string $userProvider = UserModel::class;

    /**
     * Returns the URL that a user should be redirected
     * to after a successful login.
     */
    public function loginRedirect(): string
    {
        $session = session();
        $url     = $session->getTempdata('beforeLoginUrl') ?? setting('Auth.redirects')['login'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL that a user should be redirected
     * to after they are logged out.
     */
    public function logoutRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['logout'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * after a successful registration.
     */
    public function registerRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['register'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if force_reset identity is set to true.
     */
    public function forcePasswordResetRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['force_reset'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if permission denied.
     */
    public function permissionDeniedRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['permission_denied'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the URL the user should be redirected to
     * if group denied.
     */
    public function groupDeniedRedirect(): string
    {
        $url = setting('Auth.redirects')['group_denied'];

        return $this->getUrl($url);
    }

    /**
     * Accepts a string which can be an absolute URL or
     * a named route or just a URI path, and returns the
     * full path.
     *
     * @param string $url an absolute URL or a named route or just URI path
     */
    protected function getUrl(string $url): string
    {
        // To accommodate all url patterns
        $final_url = '';

        switch (true) {
            case strpos($url, 'http://') === 0 || strpos($url, 'https://') === 0: // URL begins with 'http' or 'https'. E.g. http://example.com
                $final_url = $url;
                break;

            case route_to($url) !== false: // URL is a named-route
                $final_url = rtrim(url_to($url), '/ ');
                break;

            default: // URL is a route (URI path)
                $final_url = rtrim(site_url($url), '/ ');
                break;
        }

        return $final_url;
    }
}

See http://localhost:8080/login HOMM!

ErrorException
Cannot declare class Shield\Config\Auth, because the name is already in use

How to fix? with :

-namespace Shield\Config;
+namespace Config;

But why?

Delete file App\Config\Auth.php if it exists. Then change file Shield\Config\Auth.php as follows.

-namespace Shield\Config;
+namespace Config;

If you use Shield, use v4.4.8. It does not work with 4.5.0 yet.

https://forum.codeigniter.com/showthread.php?tid=90586&pid=417671#pid417671